answer:A logical fallacy is an error in reasoning that undermines the logic of an argument, making it invalid, misleading, or unsound. It's a flaw in the structure of an argument that renders it ineffective in establishing a conclusion, even if the conclusion itself might be true. Logical fallacies can occur in various forms, such as: Misusing language, like using ambiguous terms or emotionally charged words to sway opinion rather than presenting facts. Misapplying logical rules, like drawing conclusions based on irrelevant or insufficient evidence. Ignoring or distorting relevant information, like selectively presenting data to support a preconceived notion. The key characteristic of a logical fallacy is that it disrupts the logical connection between the premises (the claims or facts presented) and the conclusion (the point being argued). As a result, an argument with a logical fallacy cannot be considered a reliable or convincing way to establish its conclusion. It's worth noting that pointing out a logical fallacy in an argument does not necessarily refute the conclusion itself; it only shows that the argument presented is flawed and cannot be relied upon to support the conclusion. A conclusion might still be true, but the argument presented to support it is not sound.

answer:Many Syrian Christians have fled to Lebanon, seeking shelter in monasteries, and joined in prayers for peace on Saturday, following Pope Francis's call in Rome. The U.S. Treasury imposed sanctions on leaders of the al-Nusra Front last year, and the State Department designated it as a foreign terrorist organization linked to al Qaeda in Iraq. Despite this, al-Nusra has become one of the most effective groups in the Syrian resistance, attracting foreign fighters with combat experience. The U.S. accuses the group of using the conflict to advance its own ideological goals. Meanwhile, Russia sent a plane to evacuate its citizens from Syria, according to state media reports.

answer:Hey Dave, Hope all’s well at Suburban High. I’m making progress on the revised curriculum but need your insights. After attending the protest last weekend, I’ve been reflecting on how we address current events with students, especially sensitive topics like police shootings. Given your activism, how do you navigate these discussions, especially when emotions are high? I want to ensure I handle it appropriately. Also, tell me more about the community organizing work you’re involved in—it sounds impactful. Looking forward to catching up soon! Best, Sam

answer:To solve this expression, we need to calculate the absolute values of each part separately and then subtract them. First, we calculate the absolute value of (14 - 5): 14 - 5 = 9 The absolute value of 9 is 9, since it's already a positive number. Next, we calculate the absolute value of (8 - 12): 8 - 12 = -4 The absolute value of -4 is 4, since the absolute value is always a non-negative number. Now we subtract the second absolute value from the first: 9 - 4 = 5 So, | 14 - 5 | - | 8 - 12 | = boxed{5}